Thaum pib, lub excavator yog phau ntawv. Nws tau ntau dua 130 xyoo txij li nws tsim tawm mus txog rau xyoo 2013. Lub sijhawm no, nws tau dhau los ua tiav ntau yam los ntawm chav -tsav thoob teb excavators mus rau hluav taws xob thiab sab hauv combustion engine uas tau tsav lub tshuab hluav taws xob, thiab kev siv electro-mechanical- integration.hydraulic gradual txoj kev loj hlob ntawm tsis siv neeg hydraulic excavators. Thawj hydraulic excavator tau ntse tsim los ntawm lub Hoobkas Poclain hauv Fabkis. Raws li kev siv tshuab hydraulic, hydraulic backhoe mounted excavator tau nruab rau ntawm lub tsheb laij teb hauv xyoo 1940. Nyob rau hauv 1951, thawj tag nrho hydraulic backhoe excavator twb launched los ntawm lub Hoobkas Poclain nyob rau hauv Fabkis, yog li tsim ib tug tshiab qhov chaw nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm excavator technology kev loj hlob. Trailers tau tsim nyob rau thaum ntxov thiab nruab nrab -1950s. Tag nrho -kev sib hloov hydraulic excavators thiab crawler- hom hydraulic excavators tag nrho. Thawj qhov kev sim-tsim hydraulic excavators siv hydraulic tshuab ntawm dav hlau thiab tshuab cov cuab yeej, thiab tsis muaj hydraulic Cheebtsam haum rau ntau yam kev ua hauj lwm ntawm cov excavators, kev tsim zoo tsis ruaj khov txaus, thiab cov khoom txhawb nqa tsis tiav. Txij li thaum xyoo 1960, hydraulic excavators tau nkag mus rau theem ntawm kev txhawb nqa thiab kev loj hlob zoo. Excavator manufacturers thiab ntau yam nyob rau hauv ntau lub teb chaws tau nce sai heev, thiab cov zis tau soared. Los ntawm 1968 txog 1970, cov zis ntawm hydraulic excavators accounted rau 83% ntawm tag nrho cov zis ntawm excavators, uas yog ze rau 100% [2].
Thawj tiam ntawm excavators: qhov tshwm sim ntawm hluav taws xob motors thiab combustion engines muab excavators siab heev thiab haum cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yog li ntau yam khoom siv excavator tau yug los ib tom qab. Xyoo 1899, thawj lub tshuab hluav taws xob excavator tau tshwm sim. Tom qab Tsov Rog Thoob Ntiaj Teb thib 1, cov tshuab hluav taws xob kuj tau siv rau hauv cov tshuab excavators. Qhov no tshuab excavator tsav los ntawm diesel xyaw (los yog hluav taws xob motors) yog thawj tiam ntawm excavators.
Thib ob - tiam excavators: Nrog rau kev siv dav siv tshuab hydraulic, excavators muaj ntau yam kev tshawb fawb thiab siv tau cov khoom sib kis. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom siv sib kis los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm hydraulic yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev siv tshuab excavator. Xyoo 1950, lub teb chaws Yelemees thawj hydraulic excavator tau yug los. Lub hydraulic system ntawm mechanical kis tau tus mob yog lub thib ob tiam excavator.
Qhov thib peb - tiam excavator: Kev siv dav siv tshuab hluav taws xob, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog siv tshuab computer, tau ua rau lub tshuab excavator kom muaj kev tswj hwm kev tswj hwm, thiab tseem ua rau lub tshuab excavator tsim los ntawm kev ua haujlwm siab, automation thiab kev txawj ntse. Kev cog qoob loo ntawm mechatronics tau tshwm sim nyob ib puag ncig xyoo 1965, thiab kev siv tshuab mechatronics ntawm huab hwm coj-tsim hydraulic excavators yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 1985. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm lub sijhawm ntawd yog kom txuag hluav taws xob. Electronization ntawm excavators yog lub cim ntawm peb tiam ntawm excavators.
Excavator manufacturers tuaj yeem faib ua plaub pawg. Ntau tshaj 70% ntawm domestic excavators yog nyob los ntawm txawv teb chaws hom. Cov hom lag luam hauv tsev tseem yog tus thawj coj los ntawm cov excavators me thiab nruab nrab excavators, tab sis feem ntau ntawm domestic excavators yog maj mam nce, nrog rau ib xyoo - ntawm - xyoo nce ntawm 3.6% nyob rau hauv 2012
