Cov excavators feem ntau yog tsav los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob sab hauv thiab hluav taws xob uas tau tsav excavators raws li lawv txoj kev tsav tsheb. Ntawm lawv, hluav taws xob excavators feem ntau yog siv nyob rau hauv high altitude hypoxia thiab underground mines thiab lwm qhov chaw flammable thiab tawg.
Raws li kev ntsuas sib txawv, excavators tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov excavators loj, nruab nrab excavators thiab me excavators.
Raws li ntau txoj kev taug kev, excavators tuaj yeem muab faib ua crawler excavators thiab log excavators.
Raws li cov qauv sib txawv, excavators tuaj yeem muab faib ua hydraulic excavators thiab mechanical excavators. Cov tshuab excavators feem ntau yog siv hauv qee qhov mines loj.
Raws li lub hom phiaj, excavators tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau pawg xws li excavators dav dav, mining excavators, marine excavators, thiab tshwj xeeb excavators.
Raws li lub thoob, lub excavator tuaj yeem muab faib ua duav excavator, backhoe excavator, dragline excavator thiab rub duav excavator. Pem hauv ntej shovel excavators feem ntau yog siv los khawb cov ntaub ntawv saum npoo av, thiab backhoe excavators feem ntau yog siv los khawb cov ntaub ntawv hauv qab no.
1. Backhoe excavator
Lub backhoe yog feem ntau peb tau pom, rov qab thiab downwards, yuam cov av txiav. Nws tuaj yeem siv rau kev khawb hauv qab ntawm qhov chaw nres tsheb. Cov txheej txheem kev ua haujlwm yooj yim suav nrog: trench kawg excavation, trench side excavation, ncaj kab excavation, nkhaus excavation, excavation ntawm ib lub kaum ntse ntse, ultra-tug trench excavation, thiab trench txoj kab nqes excavation.
2. Txav Excavator
Daim ntawv shovel action form ntawm shovel excavator. Nws tus yam ntxwv yog "mus rau pem hauv ntej thiab upward, yuam txiav ntawm av". Lub shovel pem hauv ntej muaj lub zog khawb loj thiab tuaj yeem khawb cov av saum qhov chaw nres tsheb. Nws yog tsim nyog rau excavating qhuav foundation pits nrog ib tug siab tshaj 2 m, tab sis yuav tsum tau teem caij nce thiab nqis. Lub thoob ntawm lub duav pem hauv ntej yog loj dua lub thoob ntawm lub backhoe ntawm tib qhov sib npaug. Nws tuaj yeem khawb cov thawj mus rau peb hom av nrog cov dej tsis ntau tshaj 27%, thiab nws tuaj yeem koom tes nrog lub tsheb thauj khoom kom tiav tag nrho kev khawb thiab kev thauj mus los, thiab nws tseem tuaj yeem khawb qhov loj - nplai qhuav foundation pits thiab mounds, thiab lwm yam. Txoj kev khawb ntawm lub hauv ntej shovel excavator yog nyob ntawm txoj kev thauj mus los thiab kev txheeb ze. Muaj ob txoj hauv kev txhawm rau khawb thiab tshem tawm cov av: pem hauv ntej khawb, lateral unloading; pem hauv ntej khawb, thim rov qab Unload cov av.
3. Dragline excavator
Dragline excavators tseem hu ua cable shovel excavators. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov excavation yog: "rov qab, txiav cov av hauv qab nws qhov hnyav". Nws yog tsim rau excavating Class I thiab Class II av hauv qab qhov chaw nres. Thaum ua haujlwm, siv lub zog inertial los pov lub thoob tawm, khawb kom deb, qhov khawb lub vojvoog thiab khawb qhov tob yog qhov loj dua, tab sis nws tsis hloov pauv thiab raug raws li lub backhoe. Tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tsim rau excavating loj thiab tob foundation pits los yog underwater excavation.
4. Grab shovel excavator
Grab shovel excavators tseem hu ua grab excavators. Cov yam ntxwv ntawm nws cov excavation yog: "ncaj nce thiab nqis, txiav cov av hauv qab nws qhov hnyav". Nws yog tsim rau excavating Class I thiab Class II av hauv qab qhov chaw nres tsheb, thiab feem ntau yog siv rau excavating foundation pits, caissons, thiab lwm yam nyob rau hauv cov av mos. Nws yog tshwj xeeb tshaj yog haum rau khawb tob thiab nqaim lub hauv paus pits, dredging qub raws thiab khawb av nyob rau hauv dej, los yog rau loading xoob cov ntaub ntawv xws li crushed pob zeb thiab slag. Excavation txoj kev muaj xws li trench side excavation thiab positioning excavation. Yog tias lub thoob khib nyiab tau ua rau hauv cov duab bar, nws kuj tuaj yeem siv los thauj cov ore blocks, ntoo chips, ntoo, thiab lwm yam.
Niaj hnub no cov excavators suav rau feem coob ntawm tag nrho -hydraulic puv-slewing excavators. Lub hydraulic excavator yog tsim los ntawm lub cav, hydraulic system, ua hauj lwm ntaus ntawv, taug kev ntaus ntawv thiab hluav taws xob tswj. Lub tshuab hydraulic muaj xws li hydraulic twj, tswj li qub, hydraulic thooj voos kheej kheej, hydraulic motors, pipelines, roj tank, thiab lwm yam. Cov hluav taws xob tswj system muaj xws li ib tug saib xyuas, cav tswj system, twj tso kua mis tswj system, ntau yam sensors, solenoid li qub, thiab lwm yam.
Hydraulic excavator feem ntau yog tsim los ntawm peb qhov chaw: cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm, lub cev sab sauv thiab lub cev qis. Raws li nws cov qauv thiab kev siv, nws tuaj yeem muab faib ua: hom crawler, hom log tsheb, hom taug kev, tag nrho hydraulic, semi-hydraulic, tag nrho kev sib hloov, tsis muaj kev sib hloov, hom dav dav, hom tshwj xeeb, hom articulated, telescopic boom hom thiab ntau lwm hom.
Cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm yog ib qho khoom siv ncaj qha ua tiav cov haujlwm excavation. Nws yog hinged los ntawm peb qhov chaw: boom, stick thiab thoob. Txhawm rau ua kom tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm ntau yam kev tsim kho, hydraulic excavators tuaj yeem nruab nrog ntau yam khoom siv ua haujlwm, xws li khawb, nqa, thauj khoom, theem, clamps, bulldozing, cuam tshuam rau hammers, rotary drilling thiab lwm yam cuab yeej ua haujlwm.
Lub slewing thiab taug kev ntaus ntawv yog lub cev ntawm hydraulic excavator, thiab sab sauv ntawm lub turntable yog nruab nrog lub hwj chim ntaus ntawv thiab ib tug kis tau tus mob system. Lub cav yog lub zog ntawm hydraulic excavator. Feem ntau ntawm cov diesel yog siv rau hauv qhov chaw yooj yim, thiab lub tshuab hluav taws xob kuj tseem siv tau los hloov.
Lub tshuab xa hluav taws xob hydraulic xa lub zog ntawm lub cav mus rau hydraulic motors, hydraulic thooj voos kheej kheej thiab lwm yam actuators los ntawm lub twj tso kua mis hydraulic, thiab thawb cov cuab yeej ua haujlwm kom txav mus los, yog li ua tiav ntau yam dej num.
